How does RFID tag technology work?
An RFID tag (Radio Frequency Identification) consists of two basic components: an integrated chip and an antenna. The RFID chip stores digital information, including a unique identification number (UID) and other data such as the product’s date or place of manufacture.
The tag’s antenna is used to transmit radio signals between the RFID reader (reading device) and the tag.
RFID tags are divided into passive and active types.
Passive RFID tags are inexpensive to produce and often come as adhesive labels supplied on a roll. They are powered only when communicating with a reader, as energy is induced from the transmitting antenna. The information is stored in the RFID chip.
Active RFID tags are more robust, often encased in plastic, and have a built-in battery. Tags come in various shapes depending on their application, ranging from small flat stickers to large square or round tags that can be mechanically attached, for example, to shipping containers.
Principle of passive RFID tag operation
Most RFID tags in use are passive, meaning they are not connected to any external power source. They only receive energy when they enter the area covered by a reading device. The reader emits electromagnetic energy, which induces current in the tag’s antenna, activating the chip and sending its code back to the reader.
The entire process takes place within fractions of a second for all tags in range. A single reader can read hundreds of tags per second, ensuring efficient and fast data collection.
Main uses of RFID technology
RFID chips are used in a wide range of applications and industries.
In industry and logistics, RFID tags are integrated into pallets, boxes, or products, enabling efficient goods tracking and inventory management. They help eliminate human errors during stocktaking.
In healthcare, tags are commonly used for patient record management, staff identification, and tracking specialised assets.
